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THEOLOGY (RELIGION)

Irenics

Formal peace-seeking efforts of a part of Christian theology that are concerned with the reconcilment of different denominations and sects.

Entry link: Irenics

Judaism

The monotheistic religion of the Jewish people, developed among the ancient Hebrews which believed in one transcendent LORD God who was revealed through Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets. Abraham was the father of Judaism, which combines the Jewish religion, culture and people, as worshipers of the One True JEHOVAH God. He was a wandering Aramean, and went down into Egypt to live as a foreigner, with only a few people. His descendants became a great nation, mighty and populous. The Egyptians treated them harshly with affliction and imposition of hard labor. They cried to the LORD God of their ancestors; the Lord heard the voices of His chosen people, and saw their affliction, their toll and their oppression. The LORD God brought them out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, with a terrifying display of power, and with signs and wonders. The LORD God brought them into the Promised Land that flowed with milk and honey, which a part later became the nation of Israel. (Deu 26:5-9)

Entry link: Judaism

Judaism/Christianity Paradigms

Three Paradigms [1]

1. Better Faith Paradigm - Church triumphant, synagogue defeated.  The Eucharist made preeminent over the Law of Moses. Christians have spiritual ability to see with freedom and confidence vs. the Jew's spiritual blindness leading to misery and shame.

2. Mother-Daughter Paradigm - Judaism is the mother and Christianity her daughter.  Relies upon the idea that the Old Testament is Jewish and the New Testament Christian. Since the Old Testament predates the New Testament, it is concluded by these adherents that Judaism predated Pentecost Christianity. Christianity is said to descend from Judaism since Jesus and the early Christians were Jews.

3. Siblings Paradigm - Relatively new paradigm does not relate Judaism to be equal to the Old Testament or Christianity to be New Testament. The Mother was not Judaism, but rather, the Ancient Faith of Israel.  The Mother did not have only one child, she had many. Each child interpreted and practiced the ancient faith of Israel differently; only some survived the destruction of Jerusalem Temple and exile from the Land of Israel.

(The Ancient Faith of Israel consisted of non-Jerusalem Temple Jewish Movement, Samaritan Israelites, Hellenistic Judaism, Jewish Jesus Movement, Sadducees/Herodians, Historic Christianity, Pharisaic movement, Essene Judaism, Militant Judaism, People of the Land, Qumranic Judaism, and Unknown types). The two major surviving siblings that retained and increased their religious/cultural force from the Ancient Faith of Israel were Judaism (Proto-Rabbinical) and Christianity (Non-Jewish). Though Samaritans and Christian Jews also survived, they eventually lost their influence as specific groups in comparison with Judaism and Christianity.

Dr. Lizorkin-Eyzenberg claims Christianity is actually older as it developed through the Ancient Faith of Israel, than is Rabbinic Judaism, when the foundational document dating is recognized.  Historically, Christianity was recorded in the New Testament in the late 1st Century.  Judaism's foundational document is identified as the Mishna; it was published in the early 3rd century.

_________________

1Traditional Paradigms Reconsidered in an ETeacher Biblical course by Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg, 2014,at https://student.eteachergroup.com/course-details/C53106

Entry link: Judaism/Christianity Paradigms

Justification

The LORD God's gracious and full acquittal based upon principles of His righteousness of all sinners who repent and believe in Christ. Justification brings the believer unto a relationship of peace and favor with God.

Salvation Phases:

Justification - Past (Phase 1) I Have Been Saved from the penalty of sin (FREE) (Christian)

Sanctification - Present (Phase 2) I Am Being Saved from the power of sin (Costly) (Disciple)

Glorification - Future (Phase 3) I Will Be Saved from the presence of sin (Face-to-Face) (Glorified Bodies)
Entry link: Justification

Lined-Out Singing

An ancient method of singing religious music which involves a leader chanting each line of text and then the congregation singing in unison without hymnals or psalters. The American colonists brought this form of
music from the British churches around the 1700's. The Old Regular Baptist Churches is one denomination that expresses songs only in this manner.

Entry link: Lined-Out Singing

Modalism

The naive view that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were successive activities and revelations of one God thereby suggesting that the LORD God Father suffered upon the cross and was crucified by man.  This teaching is also known as Monarchianism, or in the derogatory sense, Patripassianism.1

1Ferguson, Everett. Church History Volume One: From Christ to Pre-Reformation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005, 144.

Entry link: Modalism

Monarchianism

The naive view that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were successive activities and revelations of one God thereby suggesting that the LORD God Father suffered upon the cross and was crucified by man.  This teaching is also known as Modalism, or in the derogatory sense, Patripassianism.1

Monarchian Teachers2:

Dynamic Monarchians

Theodotus the Leatherworker, c. 185, Byzantium/Rome

Theodotus the Banker, c. 199, Rome

Artemon, c. 210, Rome

Paul of Samosata, c. 260-68, Antioch

Modalist Monarchians

Noetus, c. 200, Smyrna

Praxeas, c. 200, Asia/Rome

Epigonus, c. 200, Rome

Sabellius, c. 215, Rome

 

1Ferguson, Everett. Church History Volume One: From Christ to Pre-Reformation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005, 144.

2Ibid.

Entry link: Monarchianism

Oblation

The offering to the LORD God of the elements of bread and wine in the Eucharist.
Entry link: Oblation

Paschal Controversy

The fourteenth of Nisan falls on random days of the week according to the Jewish calander; most churches opted to celebrate the death and resurrection of Christ on the Sunday after the full moon of spring.  Those churches which disagreed were called Qyartodeciman,for their pactice of observing the Passion of Christ on the date of the Passover. The controversy between the two dates is known as the Paschal Controversy, which led to the great majority declaring that the Lord's resurrection should be celebrated on Sunday, and the paschal fast should end on that day.1

1Ferguson, Everett. Church History Volume One: From Christ to Pre-Reformation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005.

Entry link: Paschal Controversy

Pluralism

The belief that salvation can come from a variety of religious traditions.
Entry link: Pluralism


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