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I

Icon

Highly stylized portrait of Christ or the saints, intended to focus the mind of the viewer upon their subject and encourage imitation of their virtues. The beautiful icons of the Byzantine era were created to become literal windows to Heaven, work miracles. and to look upon its representation. Icons did not portray the presence of God in people's lives, but rather, they enabled the presence of God to come to believers, as their beauty was contemplated. The veneration of the idols suggested that through them God was worshipped; just as through the man Jesus, God was worshipped. (Hill, 135, 141).

Bibliography

Hill, Jonathan. "Early Christianity: A World Religion." Handbook to the History of Christianity. Zondervan, 2006.

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Iconclasm

The deliberate destruction of religious icons within a culture by the culture often as a result of major domestic, political, or religious changes.

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Idea

An attractive thought, concept, or theory that is uniquely novel to the thinker (See Ethics)

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Idol

A material object or image representing a false deity that is given worship, adoration, or devotion

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Idolater

A worshiper of an idol

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Idolothyta

The institutional practice that places meat before the Idol.

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Idols of the Cave

Fallacies derived from prejudice and personal biased thought. For example, human beings have weak reasoning abilities due to particular personality traits, likes, and dislikes.(See Idols of the Mind)

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Idols of the Marketplace

(Also called Idols of the Forum) - Fallacies derived from cultural customs. An example might be confusions between the language of science and the language of common use that cause conflict in meanings.(See Idols of the Mind)

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Idols of the Mind

Sir Francis Bacon listed four Idols of the Mind which obstructed the path of correct scientific reasoning for his Baconian method of research of phenomenon (a precursor to the development of the scientific method). These four idols included:

1) Idols of the Tribe (Idola Tribus) - Fallacies derived from the nature of man and his social organization.

2) Idols of the Cave (Idola Specus) - Fallacies derived from prejudice and personal biased thought.

3) Idols of the Marketplace (Idola Fori) (Also called Idols of the Forum) - Fallacies derived from cultural customs.

4) Idols of the Theater - Fallacies resulting from traditional beliefs and techniques.

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Idols of the Theater

Fallacies resulting from traditional beliefs and techniques. Following after academic dogma and failing to ask questions of the common and natural world is an example of this.(See Idols of the Mind)

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Idols of the Tribe

Fallacies derived from the nature of man and his social organization. Human beings are apt to perceive order in a system that does not exist, and follow after that false preconception. (See Idols of the Mind)

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Impassible

Incapable of suffering; God is impassible, thus patripassianism is rejected according to the old catholic fathers. There is a distinction between the Father and the Son, solving the problem of salvation by suffering that allowed Christ's suffering while reflecting the LORD God's incapability of suffering.¹

¹Ferguson, Everett. Church History Volume One: From Christ to Pre-Reformation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005, 142.

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Impiety

The lack of respect and reverence for the LORD God and His sacred things

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Imprecatory

A call for a curse with vivid words of judgment upon an enemy in prayer, song, or psalm in desire for justice

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Inductive

A type of argument which the premise appears to provide some degree of support (but not complete) for the conclusion. A good inductive argument is cogent if the premises are true, and the conclusion is considered likely to be true. (See Deductive)

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Inductive Fallacy

Arguments which the premise(s) do not provide enough support for the conclusion, making it unlikely that the conclusion is true. Inductive Fallacy is usually less formal than deductive fallacy, and is at the level of simple argument.

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Infinity

The reality that one can begin at any given point and go inward and yet never arrive (Contrast - Eternity)

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Inscriptions

Past written remains of words uncovered by archaeological activity

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Inscriptured Revelation

Discloses some truth about God's essence in itself.

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Insipid

Boring, pointless, dull, or bland

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Insipience

Foolish and without wisdom

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Interdict

Roman Catholic ecclesiastical withdrawal of sacraments of baptism, marriage or burial, and a suspense of church operations from a country; also a censure used against a person. An effective tool used by Pope Innocent III to move European politicians to reform and conform to his will (Hill, 192).

Reference:

Hill, Jonathan. "Early Christianity: A World Religion." Handbook to the History of Christianity. Zondervan, 2006

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Irascible

Easily provoked to anger.

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Irenaeus

A late second-century Christian from Anatolia who encountered Gnosticism in AD 180. He hated Gnosticism and the way it denigrated the material world; he believed that the LORD God took an active interest; so he wrote a scathing book to describe and attack its existence. He disagreed with the way it split Christ, refusing to recognize his humanity, and the way the belief distinguished the differences between the Old and New Testament Gods. Irenaeus insisted that Christianity must be rooted in Old Testament times and its Jewish past, and was not part of a "mystery" or secretively handed-down tradition of faith. His stance led to the setting of standards that would become orthodoxy of the Church. In his book, "Against heresies", Irenaeus identified certain churches as bearing apostolic tradition, and he declared the church of Rome should be the primary authority. (Hill, 65-68)

Reference:

Hill, Jonathan. "Early Christianity: A World Religion." Handbook to the History of Christianity. Zondervan, 2006.

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Irenics

Formal peace-seeking efforts of a part of Christian theology that are concerned with the reconcilment of different denominations and sects.

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Israel, Ancient Faith

The Ancient Faith of Israel consisted of:¹

1. Non-Jerusalem Temple Jewish Movement

2. Samaritan Israelites

3. Hellenistic Judaism

4. Jewish Jesus Movement

5. Sadducees/Herodians

6. Historic Christianity

7. Pharisaic movement

8. Essene Judaism

9. Militant Judaism

10. People of the Land

11. Qumranic Judaism

12. Unknown types

The two major surviving siblings that retained and increased their religious/cultural force from the Ancient Faith of Israel were Judaism (Proto-Rabbinical) and Christianity (Non-Jewish). Though Samaritans and Christian Jews also survived, they eventually lost their influence as specific groups in comparison with Judaism and Christianity.

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¹Traditional Paradigms Reconsidered in an ETeacher Biblical course by Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg, 2014,at https://student.eteachergroup.com/course-details/C53106

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